Sonnet text Sonnetīernardino Molinari, who made the first electrical recording of The Four Seasons in 1942. In addition to these sonnets, Vivaldi provided instructions such as "The barking dog" (in the second movement of "Spring"), "Languor caused by the heat" (in the first movement of "Summer"), and "the drunkards have fallen asleep" (in the second movement of "Autumn").Ī new translation of the sonnets into English by Armand D'Angour was published in 2019. Regardless of the sonnets' authorship, The Four Seasons can be classified as program music, instrumental music intended to evoke something extra-musical, and an art form which Vivaldi was determined to prove sophisticated enough to be taken seriously. Though it is not known who wrote the accompanying sonnets, the theory that Vivaldi wrote them is supported by the fact that each sonnet is broken into three sections, each neatly corresponding to a movement in the concerto. There is some debate as to whether the four concertos were written to accompany four sonnets or vice versa. Vivaldi divided each concerto into three movements (fast–slow–fast), and, likewise, each linked sonnet into three sections.Īll performed by the Wichita State University Chamber Players, an ensemble of the Wichita Symphony Orchestra The music is elsewhere similarly evocative of other natural sounds. For example, in the middle section of "Spring", when the goatherd sleeps, his barking dog can be heard in the viola section. Vivaldi took great pains to relate his music to the texts of the poems, translating the poetic lines themselves directly into the music on the page. The concerti therefore stand as one of the earliest and most detailed examples of what would come to be called program music-in other words, music with a narrative element. Unusually for the period, Vivaldi published the concerti with accompanying sonnets (possibly written by the composer himself) that elucidated what it was in the spirit of each season that his music was intended to evoke. They were a revolution in musical conception: in them Vivaldi represented flowing creeks, singing birds (of different species, each specifically characterized), a shepherd and his barking dog, buzzing flies, storms, drunken dancers, hunting parties from both the hunters' and the prey's point of view, frozen landscapes, and warm winter fires. The inspiration for the concertos is not the countryside around Mantua, as initially supposed, where Vivaldi was living at the time, since according to Karl Heller they could have been written as early as 1716–1717, while Vivaldi was engaged with the court of Mantua only in 1718. Though three of the concerti are wholly original, the first, "Spring", borrows patterns from a sinfonia in the first act of Vivaldi's contemporaneous opera Il Giustino. The Four Seasons is the best known of Vivaldi's works. They were published in 1725 in Amsterdam, together with eight additional concerti, as Il cimento dell'armonia e dell'inventione ( The Contest Between Harmony and Invention). These were composed around 1718−1720, when Vivaldi was the court chapel master in Mantua. The Four Seasons ( Italian: Le quattro stagioni) is a group of four violin concertos by Italian composer Antonio Vivaldi, each of which gives musical expression to a season of the year. (Source)ĭownload Free Sheet Music for Vivaldi’s “Spring” below.Antonio Vivaldi (engraving by François Morellon de La Cave, from Michel-Charles Le Cène's edition of Vivaldi's Op. The movement ends with a lively country dance, with inhabitants celebrating the return of fauna and flora after a harsh winter. It is invaded by a sudden thunderstorm, but the singing birds soon regain dominance. “Spring” or “La primavera,” starts with the clarity and crispness of a typical spring day, accompanied by the choirs of birds and streams. The concertos offer their own musical exhibition through all players, the soloists burning the brightest. Each sonnet (in this case each season) in “The Four Seasons” can be divided into three sections, each corresponding to a movement. This somewhat made sense as Vivaldi, with his numerous concertos, “The Four Seasons” in particular, exemplified the typical concerto form. A typical concerto consists of three movements – a slow middle movement contrasting the lively first and third. The names of the originator of these sonnets remain questionable, although most historians credit Vivaldi for them. Apart from harboring inspiration from the seasons, the concertos were influenced by a set of 4 sonnets crafted about summer, winter, autumn, and spring. There is so much to discover in Antonio Vivaldi’s masterpiece, The Four Seasons.
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